Methotrexate Toxicity: Molecular Mechanisms and Management

Methotrexate (MTX) is the most widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy and is considered to be the first-line drug for the treatment of a number of rheumatic and non-rheumatic disorders. The pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity of MTX are two of its major side effects. Other toxicities such as endocrinological toxicity, GI toxicity, cutaneous toxicity, hematological toxicity, fatal malfunction or loss, and malignancy can also occur, but at a significantly lower rate of prevalence. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of methotrexate toxic effects and Lastly, we discussed the management of this toxicity.